A non-premixed combustion model based on flame structure analysis at supercritical pressures

This work presents a study of non-premixed flames at supercritical-pressure conditions. Emphasis is placed on flame stability in liquid rocket engines fueled with liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen. The flame structure sensitivity to strain, pressure, temperature and real-fluid effects was investigated in detailed opposed-jet flames calculations. It is shown that the flame is very robust to strain, that the flamelet assumption is valid for the conditions of interest, and that real-fluid phenomena can have a significant impact on flame topology. At high-pressure supercritical conditions, small pressure or temperature variations can induce strong changes of thermodynamic properties across the flame. A substantial finding was also that the presence of water from combustion significantly increases the critical pressure of the mixture, but this does not lead to a saturated state where two-phase flow may be observed. The present study then shows that a single-phase real-fluid approach is relevant for supercritical hydrogen–oxygen combustion. Resultant observations are used to develop a flamelet model framework that combines detailed real-fluid thermodynamics with a tabulated chemistry approach. The governing equation for energy contains a compressible source term that models the flame. Through this approach, the solver is capable of capturing compressibility and strain-rate effects. Good agreements have been obtained with respect to detailed computations. Heat release sensitivity to strain and pressure variations is also recovered. Consequently, this approach can be used to study combustion stability in actual burners. The approach preserves the density gradient in the high-shear region between the liquid-oxygen jet and product rich flame region. The latter is a key requirement to properly simulate dense-fluid jet destabilization and mixing in practical devices

Compressive sensing adaptation for polynomial chaos expansions

Basis adaptation in Homogeneous Chaos spaces rely on a suitable rotation of the underlying Gaussian germ. Several rotations have been proposed in the literature resulting in adaptations with different convergence properties. In this paper we present a new adaptation mechanism that builds on compressive sensing algorithms, resulting in a reduced polynomial chaos approximation with optimal sparsity. The developed adaptation algorithm consists of a two-step optimization procedure that computes the optimal coefficients and the input projection matrix of a low dimensional chaos expansion with respect to an optimally rotated basis. We demonstrate the attractive features of our algorithm through several numerical examples including the application on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) calculations of turbulent combustion in a HIFiRE scramjet engine.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Computational Physic

A Priori Analysis of a Compressible Flamelet Model using RANS Data for a Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor

In an effort to make large eddy simulation of hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet combustors more computationally accessible using realistic chemical reaction mechanisms, a compressible flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model was proposed that extends current FPV model formulations to high-speed, compressible flows. Development of this model relied on observations garnered from an a priori analysis of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) data obtained for the Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation (HI-FiRE) dual-mode scramjet combustor. The RANS data were obtained using a reduced chemical mechanism for the combustion of a JP-7 surrogate and were validated using avail- able experimental data. These RANS data were then post-processed to obtain, in an a priori fashion, the scalar fields corresponding to an FPV-based modeling approach. In the current work, in addition to the proposed compressible flamelet model, a standard incompressible FPV model was also considered. Several candidate progress variables were investigated for their ability to recover static temperature and major and minor product species. The effects of pressure and temperature on the tabulated progress variable source term were characterized, and model coupling terms embedded in the Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes equations were studied. Finally, results for the novel compressible flamelet/progress variable model were presented to demonstrate the improvement attained by modeling the effects of pressure and flamelet boundary conditions on the combustion

Numerical Benchmark for High-Reynolds-Number Supercritical Flows with Large Density Gradients

Because of the extreme complexity of physical phenomena at high pressure, only limited data are available for solver validation at device-relevant conditions such as liquid rocket engines, gas turbines, or diesel engines. In the present study, a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation is used to establish a benchmark for supercritical flow at a high Reynolds number and high-density ratio at conditions typically encountered in liquid rocket engines. Emphasis has been placed on maintaining the flow characteristics of actual systems with simple boundary conditions, grid spacing, and geometry. Results from two different state-of-the-art codes, with markedly different numerical formalisms, are compared using this benchmark. The strong similarity between the two numerical predictions lends confidence to the physical accuracy of the results. The established database can be used for solver benchmarking and model development at conditions relevant to many propulsion and power systems

Familles et migrations France, 1962-2013 vingt-et-un récits de vie

résultats d'une enquête menée par 21 étudiant-e-s de Lyon auprès de 21 migrants arrivé-e-s en France et principalement dans la région lyonnaise entre 1963 et 201

Large eddy simulation of the ignition of cryogenic rocket engine

L'allumage d'un moteur fusée cryotechnique (carburants liquides) est une phase critique. La moindre anomalie dans la procédure d'allumage peut conduire à la destruction du lanceur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie s'appuyant sur la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) pour étudier les phénomènes physiques impliqués dans un tel allumage. L'intérêt de la méthode LES est de pouvoir capturer les couplages instationnaires entre la turbulence, les processus diphasiques et la cinétique chimique. L'outil numérique est tout d'abord validé sur des cas académiques et expérimentaux, puis appliqué à un moteur fusée réel. Une approche graduelle est employée : les différents cas de validation présentent une complexité croissante, permettant d'isoler les processus physiques principaux. Ce travail de recherche montre que l'approche de la simulation aux grandes échelles, dans un contexte de calcul massivement parallèle, peut être utilisée pour étudier la séquence complète d'allumage dans un moteur fusée réel.The ignition of a cryogenic rocket engine (liquid propellants) is a critical phase. The slightest anomaly in the ignition sequence can lead to the destruction of the entire launcher. The objective of this research work is to set a methodology based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, to study the different physical phenomena involved in such ignition transient. The LES method can capture the unsteady processes such as turbulence, two-phase flow physics and chemical kinetics. The numerical tool is first validated in academic and experimental cases, and then applied to a real rocket engine. A gradual approach is employed : the complexity is increased between each validation case, so as to identify the main physical processes. This research work shows that the LES approach, in the context of massively parallel computing, can be used to study the whole ignition sequence of a real cryogenic rocket engine

Simulation aux Grandes Echelles de l'allumage de moteurs fusées cryotechniques

The ignition of a cryogenic rocket engine (liquid propellants) is a critical phase. The slightest anomaly in the ignition sequence can lead to the destruction of the entire launcher. The objective of this research work is to set a methodology based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, to study the different physical phenomena involved in such ignition transient. The LES method can capture the unsteady processes such as turbulence, two-phase flow physics and chemical kinetics. The numerical tool is first validated in academic and experimental cases, and then applied to a real rocket engine. A gradual approach is employed : the complexity is increased between each validation case, so as to identify the main physical processes. This research work shows that the LES approach, in the context of massively parallel computing, can be used to study the whole ignition sequence of a real cryogenic rocket engine.L'allumage d'un moteur fusée cryotechnique (carburants liquides) est une phase critique. La moindre anomalie dans la procédure d'allumage peut conduire à la destruction du lanceur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie s'appuyant sur la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) pour étudier les phénomènes physiques impliqués dans un tel allumage. L'intérêt de la méthode LES est de pouvoir capturer les couplages instationnaires entre la turbulence, les processus diphasiques et la cinétique chimique. L'outil numérique est tout d'abord validé sur des cas académiques et expérimentaux, puis appliqué à un moteur fusée réel. Une approche graduelle est employée : les différents cas de validation présentent une complexité croissante, permettant d'isoler les processus physiques principaux. Ce travail de recherche montre que l'approche de la simulation aux grandes échelles, dans un contexte de calcul massivement parallèle, peut être utilisée pour étudier la séquence complète d'allumage dans un moteur fusée réel

Simulation aux Grandes Echelles de l'allumage de moteurs fusées cryotechniques

TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF